The Journal of Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics has published research on children who have a birth history of drug exposure and then remain in the care of their maternal mother.  These children when tested at 7 years of age had significantly different scores with regard to omission errors.  The researchers concluded that these children are at greater risk of problems with self regulation and sustained attention.

Reference:  Ackerman, John P. PhD; Llorente, Antolin M. PhD; Black, Maureen M. PhD; Ackerman, Claire S. MA; Mayes, Lacy A. MA; Nair, Prasanna MD The Effect of Prenatal Drug Exposure and Caregiving Context on Children's Performance on a Task of Sustained Visual Attention. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. 29(6):467-474, December 2008.

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