Motor Planning and Cerebral Palsy
Motor Planning and Cerebral Palsy
The Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology recently published longitudinal research on motor planning and cerebral palsy. Motor planning is the ability to plan out all the steps required for a motor action and carry out each step in the correct order. It is important to have efficient motor planning to produce coordinated movements. The researchers defined motor planning as “selecting a single pattern of behavior from many alternatives that allows the performer to achieve a task goal”. This study included 22 children with cerebral palsy and 22 age-matched controls. Each participant performed a bar transport task in which some conditions (“critical angles”) required participants to sacrifice initial posture comfort in order to achieve end-state comfort. The longitudinal study was carried out with three measurements each separated by one year. The following results were reported:
- children with CP showed poor end-state planning for critical angles.
- unlike in controls, motor planning ability did not improve across the three measurement occasions in children with CP.
The researchers concluded that children with cerebral palsy may have motor planning deficits that do not resolve with development over childhood.
Suggested Strategies for Intervention
Some research suggests that children with cerebral palsy may improve motor planning skills through training due to plasticity in the brain. Current training for motor planning includes physical training and environmental stimulation. New research with adults following brain injury and children with congenital motor disorders indicated two beneficial types of motor planning training:
- Motor Imagery – internal rehearsal of a future motor action without overt motor output. Motor imagery requires the conscious activation of brain regions that are also involved in the actual movement preparation and execution.
- Action Observation – observation of the action performed by someone.
Deficits in motor planning in children with cerebral palsy do not appear to resolve throughout development. Researchers suggest physical training, environmental stimulation, motor imagery and action observation to help with motor planning and cerebral palsy.
Reference: Lust, J. M., Spruijt, S., Wilson, P. H., & Steenbergen, B. (2017). Motor planning in children with cerebral palsy: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1-8.
Go here for more blog posts on motor planning.
Therapeutic Play Activities for Children
Therapeutic Play Activities for Children digital download includes 100 play activity pages and 12 tip sheets. The play activities encourage the development of fine motor skills, bimanual skills, rolling, crawling, tall kneeling, standing balance and cruising with a strong focus on children with cerebral palsy. FIND OUT MORE INFORMATION.
Teaching Motor Skills to Children with Cerebral Palsy and Similar Movement Disorders: The ELECTRONIC version of Teaching Motor Skills is a must-have reference for all therapists who work with children with cerebral palsy. Whether you are a beginner or experienced therapist you will find the information concise, informative and very helpful to carry out everyday functional tasks including stretching with children with cerebral palsy. The book provides activity suggestions throughout the developmental sequence such as head control, tummy time, sitting, transitions, walking and beyond. There is also great information that reviews additional interventions for children with cerebral palsy such as bracing, surgical and medical management. The author, Sieglinde Martin, is an experienced PT and a mother of a child with cerebral palsy. FIND OUT MORE.
