Lined Paper and Letter Formation in First Graders

A recent study in the Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention assessed two groups of first grade students with the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment. The first group printed on a four-lined writing grid that included top, middle, base, and descender guidelines. The second group printed on double lined paper that provided middle and base […]

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Visual Monitoring and Handwriting

The Edie Neurolearning Blog posted information on some research on the brain basis of dysgraphia.  It appears to be very interesting although there is not a reference.  It confirms what many pediatric therapists observe – many children require extensive visual monitoring of letter formation.  Functional MRI’s compared “good writers” with “bad writers”.  The testing revealed that […]

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Pencil Grasp and Handwriting

The Australian Occupational Therapy Journal published research on the effect of pencil grasp on handwriting speed and legibility in 120 fourth grade students after a 10 minute copy task.  A standardized handwriting assessment was completed before and after a 10 minute copy task by typically developing students and students with handwriting issues. The results indicated […]

Kinesthetic Perception and Handwriting Legibility and Speed

The Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools and Early Intervention published research on haptic and kinesthetic perceptions relationships to handwriting legibility and speed  in 177 first and second grade children in Taiwan.  Haptic perception is the ability to recognize objects through touch.  Kinesthetic perception is the ability to recognize how the body moves in space.  The […]

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Fine Motor Skill Level and Handwriting

A student recently did a research review on the influence of fine motor skills on handwriting.  Of the nine articles that could be included, 7 researched the relationship between fine motor skills and handwriting legibility and 4 studies investigated fine motor skills and handwriting speed.   The results indicated that children with poor handwriting received significantly […]

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Handwriting and Keyboarding Standards

Zaner-Bloser has proposed Written Language Production Standards for Handwriting and Keyboarding.   These standards offer developmentally appropriate, research–based indicators to integrate handwriting and keyboarding into the curriculum.  From the Zaner-Bloser website it states that the standards are: “research-based and includes basic letter formation and keyboarding indicators included in the Common Core State Standards for English […]